how do I pass io managers into ops and jobs

To pass I/O managers into ops and jobs in Dagster, you can follow these steps: 1. Define the I/O Manager: First, you need to define your I/O manager. This can be done by extending the

IOManager

class or using the

@io_manager

decorator. If you need to configure your I/O manager, you can extend

ConfigurableIOManager

instead. 2. Assign I/O Manager to Outputs: For each op, you can specify which I/O manager to use for its outputs by setting the

io_manager_key

on the

Out

object. This key will reference the I/O manager you want to use. 3. Bind I/O Managers to Jobs: When defining a job, you bind I/O managers to it by including them in the

resource_defs

argument. The keys used in

resource_defs

should match the

io_manager_key

specified in the ops. Here's an example based on the documentation:

python from dagster import job, op, Out, IOManager, ResourceDefinition  # Define your custom I/O manager class MyIOManager(IOManager):     def handle_output(self, context, obj):         # Logic to store the output         pass      def load_input(self, context):         # Logic to load the input         pass  # Define an op and specify the io_manager_key for its output @op(out=Out(io_manager_key="my_io_manager_key")) def my_op():     return "data"  # Define a job and bind the custom I/O manager to it @job(resource_defs={"my_io_manager_key": ResourceDefinition.hardcoded_io_manager(MyIOManager())}) def my_job():     my_op()  # Now, when you execute the job, the custom I/O manager will be used for the op's output result = my_job.execute_in_process()

In this example,

MyIOManager

is a custom I/O manager that you would define according to your storage and retrieval needs. The

my_op

op specifies that it uses an I/O manager with the key

"my_io_manager_key"

. The

my_job

job then binds the custom I/O manager to that key using

ResourceDefinition.hardcoded_io_manager(MyIOManager())

. Remember that each op can have its own I/O manager, or multiple ops can share the same I/O manager. The I/O manager that's used for handling a particular op output is automatically used for loading it in downstream ops or assets.